Gay rights symbol Īn ACT UP member displaying the organization's trademark protest sign with an inverted, upward-pointing pink triangle. Rudolf Brazda, one of the last known homosexual concentration camp survivors, died on Augat the age of 98. While lawsuits seeking monetary compensation have failed, in 2002 the German government issued an official apology to gay men who were persecuted during the war. West Germany continued to imprison those identified as homosexual until 1994 under a revised version of the Paragraph, which still made sexual relations between men up to the age of 21-as well as male homosexual prostitution-illegal. The Nazi amendments to Paragraph 175, which turned homosexuality from a minor offense into a felony, remained intact in East Germany until 1968 and in West Germany until 1969. An openly homosexual man named Heinz Dörmer, for instance, served in a Nazi concentration camp and then in the jails of the new Republic. Īfter the camps were liberated at the end of the Second World War, some of the prisoners imprisoned for homosexuality were re-incarcerated by the Allied-established Federal Republic of Germany, as the Nazi laws against homosexuality were not repealed there until 1969.
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Prisoners wearing a pink triangle were harshly treated by other prisoners. If a prisoner was also identified as Jewish, the triangle was superimposed over a second yellow triangle pointing the opposite way, to resemble the Star of David like the yellow badge identifying other Jews. ( Lesbian and bisexual women and trans men were not systematically imprisoned some were, and classified as "asocial", wearing a black triangle.) The pink triangle was also assigned to others considered sexual deviants, including zoophiles and pedophiles in addition to sex offenders. Later, the use of a pink triangle was established for prisoners identified as homosexual men, which also included bisexual men and transgender women.
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Early on, homosexual male prisoners were variously identified with a green triangle (indicating criminals) or red triangle (political prisoners), the number 175 (referring to Paragraph 175, the section of the German penal code criminalizing homosexual activity), or the letter A (which stood for Arschficker, literally "ass fucker"). In Nazi concentration camps, each prisoner was required to wear a downward-pointing, equilateral triangular cloth badge on their chest, the color of which identified the reason for their imprisonment. Main article: Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany § Concentration camps